Gradivo: Prostorska arheologija

Prostorska arheologija

Settlement pattern

the way in which man disposed himself over the landscape on which he lived. It refers

to dwellings, to their arrangement, and to the nature and disposition of other buildings

pertaining to community life. These settlements reflect the natural environment, the

level of technology on which the builders operated, and various institutions of social

inter-action and control which the culture maintained. Because settlement patterns

are, to a large extent, directly shaped by widely held cultural needs, they offer a

strategic starting point for the functional interpretation of archaeological cultures.

...the study of social relationships using archaeological

data" (Trigger

1967:151).

Settlement Archaeology - Science of prehistoric society

... the ways in which a prehistoric society adjusted to its

environment (Trigger

1971:330)

Settlements were considered crucial intersections of various subsistence

activities and strategies, and social and cultural components of individual and

collective behaviour. On this basis it was hoped that studying the settlements

properly it is possible to recognize principal social and cultural patterns much

like anthropologists do it while studying living communities (Chang 1972, 1).

Community pattern

“Settlement....must subsitute for the community.” (Chang 1968, 3).

homestead

unplanned village

planned village

segmented village

non-lineage

multi-lineage

mono-lineage

multi-lineage

!

“

community as maximum number of individuals who live together and

personally know each other. (Murdock 1949, 79; cf. Tringham 1972, xxi).

Chang’s equivalents of village plans and community patterns (1958, 304-307):

AMERICAN

ANTIQUITY

0

1

2

3

4

5

MILES

COMPOSITE

TAKEN

FROM

YELLEN

1968

DOBE

0

Figure

2.

Ac.ual

map

of

foraging

trips

made

by

!Kung

San

around

base

camps.

base,

establishing

overnight

camps

from

which

they

move

out

in

search

of

game,

frequently

using

what

I

(Binford

1978b)

have

termed

an

encounter

of

strategy.

If

they

succeed

in

their

hunting

endeavors,

and

if

the

body

size

of

the

animal

is

large

or

the

distance

to

camp

is

great

and

the

temperature

is

warm,

they

may

elect

to

dry

the

meat

in

the

field

and

transport

processed

meat

back

to

camp.

This

possibility

is

indicated

by

the

little

drying

rack

in

the

lower

right-hand

corner.

They

may

then

elect

to

return

to

the

base

by

the

original

route

or,

if

more

meat

is

needed,

they

are

more

likely

to

return

by

a

new

route

where

they

may

even

have

further

success

in

hunting.

This

little

hunting

trip

represents

a

different

type

of

strategy.

It

is

a

specialized

work

party,

in

this

case

made

up

of

men,

who

establish

camps

for

their

own

maintenance

away

from

the

residentaial

base

[Vol.

45,

No.

1,1980

I

"I,

'

Base Camp

Foraging Radius

Paleoekonomska

š

ola

G. Clark

Paleoekonomska

š

ola (Palaeoeconomy)

summe

r

huntin

g

stepp

e

grasslan

d

4

\

migratin

g

j

fe&R&Of

A

•

'I

montan

e

grasslan

d

W^

'

A

^

Majo

r

annua

l

grou

p

movement

s

A

Quarr

y

•

Ephemera

l

campsit

e

%

Temporar

y

campsit

e

•

Seasona

l

campsit

e

^Seasona

l

gam

e

^^

'

^migration

s

t

i

J

A

AA

A

mountai

n

glacier

s

/

\

montan

e

grasslan

d

1

sprin

g

an

d

A

/

autum

n

huntin

g

A

^

•

^

•

«

A

•

"

dee

r

an

d

wil

d

cattl

e

A

J\

K%#

"

:

A

n

.

-»^

—

*

m

*

^

winte

r

huntin

g

-

grasslan

d

an

d

M

e

parklan

d

A

V)

v

/

A

7

"

steep-edge

d

platea

u

hunters

'

gam

e

tra

p

E. S. Higgs

!

Palaeoeconomy (1975)

Papers in economic prehistory (1972)

!

the study of the relationships between technology and those

natural resources lying within economic range of individual

sites." (Vita-Finzi and Higgs

1970:5)

the catchment of an archaeological site is that area from

which a site (or more properly, the

inhabitants of a site) derived its resources (Vita-Finzi

1969a:106

)

Site catchment (najdi

šč

no zajetje)

6

Bintliff

earl

y

1970'

s

wa

s

th

e

late

r

Holocen

e

evolutio

n

o

f

th

e

Plai

n

o

f

Wester

n

Macedon

,

wher

e

th

e

scal

e

o

f

landscap

e

transformatio

n

wa

s

vas

t

a

s

a

resul

t

o

f

th

e

might

y

rive

r

system

s

involve

d

i

n

th

e

growt

h

o

f

sediment

s

i

n

thi

s

coasta

l

plai

n

(Figur

e

2)

.

Th

e

moder

n

landscap

e

bor

e

n

o

resemblanc

e

t

o

tha

t

o

f

Neolithi

c

times

,

an

d

eve

n

a

mor

e

recen

t

era

,

tha

t

o

f

th

e

Classica

l

an

d

Hellenisti

c

Kingdo

m

o

f

Macedo

n

unde

r

Philip

,

Alexande

r

an

d

thei

r

predecessors

,

sa

w

a

quit

e

differen

t

plai

n

fro

m

tha

t

o

f

presen

t

times

.

Her

e

w

e

ca

n

introduc

e

a

n

additiona

l

an

d

importan

t

complication

,

tha

t

landscap

e

chang

e

i

n

th

e

Holocen

e

i

s

clearl

y

no

t

a

'uniformitarian

'

geomorphi

c

process

,

wher

e

observatio

n

o

f

presentda

y

geomorphi

c

behaviou

r

an

d

measurement

s

o

f

rate

s

o

f

accumulatio

n

o

r

denudatio

n

ca

n

b

e

extrapolate

d

backward

s

int

o

prehistory

.

Althoug

h

th

e

grea

t

river

s

suc

h

a

s

th

e

Axios

,

debouchin

g

i n t

o

th

e

Macedonia

n

coasta

l

plain

,

wil

l

alway

s

hav

e

deposite

d

a

heav

y

bedload

,

th

e

parameter

s

o

f

alluvia

l

floodplai

n

developmen

t

change

d

completel

y

durin

g

th

e

mid-Holocene

,

wit

h

th

e

shif

t

i

n

worldwid

e

e u s t a t i

c

sealeve

l

ris

e

fro

m

a

rapi

d

ris

e

regim

e

t

o

on

e

characterisin

g

th

e

late

r

Holocen

e

til

l

today

,

wher

e

sealevel

s

hav

e

perhap

s

rise

n

onl

y

slightl

y

(mayb

e

1

metr

e

pe

r

millenniu

m

o

n

average)

.

Fro

m

a

situatio

n

wher

e

m u c

h

o

f

th

e

potentia

l

rive

r

sil

t

wa

s

deposite

d

int

o

th

e

water

s

o

f

a

risin

g

Thermai

c

Gulf

,

thi

s

cause

d

a

dramati

c

modification

,

wher

e

alluvia

l

depositio

n

easil

y

outstrippe

d

sealeve

l

rise

,

givin

g

ris

e

t

o

th

e

well-documente

d

massiv

e

expansio

n

o

f

a

subaeria

l

delt

a

ove

r

th

e

las

t

250

0

years

,

landlockin

g

a

forme

r

harbou

r

tow

n

o

f

Pell

a

som

e

3

0

km

s

fro

m

th

e

presen

t

coastlin

e

(Bintliff

,

1976)

.

f==

|

heav

y

alluvia

l

soil

s

I

;

'

I

ligh

t

crast

a

soil

s

K'

·

:

l

t h i c

k

limeston

e

soil

s

I·';.:·':·':

!

thi

n

limeston

e

soil

s

Fi

g

1

.

Catchmen

t

analyse

s

o

f

tw

o

Neolithi

c

site

s

o

n

th

e

Tavolier

e

Plain

,

Italy

,

usin

g

th

e

mode

m

geomorphologica

l

contex

t

(fro

m

Jaima

n

an

d

Weble

y

1975

)

Simila

r

change

s

i

n

environmenta

l

parameter

s

hel

p

t

o

accoun

t

fo

r

rate

s

o

f

growt

h

i

n

th

e

grea

t

coasta

l

rive

r

system

s

o

f

Wester

n

Turke

y

(Figur

e

3

)

whic

h

clearl

y

canno

t

b

e

extrapolate

d

bac

k

throug

h

th

e

Holocene

,

an

d

whic

h

wer

e

responsibl

e

fo

r

recurren

t

shift

s

i

n

associate

d

huma

n

setuemen

t

systems

,

mos

t

modest assumption that a human group will in the long run make use of those resources

within its territory that are economic for it to exploit and that are within

reach of available technology. On this assumption, a site placed in a territory largely

composed of grazing country would have been inhabited by human groups intent on the

exploitation of grazing animals

(Vita-Finzi and Higgs 1970:2).

THEME

S

AN

D

APPROACHE

S

Figure

13.3

Earl

y

Formativ

e

village

s

alon

g

th

e

Atoya

c

Rive

r

i

n

th

e

north-easter

n

Valle

y

o

f

Oaxac

a

(Mexico)

;

catchmen

t

circle

s

wit

h

radi

i

o

f

2.

5

kilometre

s

(soli

d

line)

,

5

kilometre

s

(dashe

d

line)

.

Inset

:

idealize

d

mode

l

o

f

settlemen

t

evolutio

n

alon

g

th

e

Atoya

c

Rive

r

durin

g

thre

e

tempora

l

phases

.

Source

:

Flanner

y

1976

.

apparentl

y

clos

e

satellite

s

o

f

th

e

mai

n

settlements

.

I

t

i

s

als

o

significan

t

that

,

wherea

s

Mogot

e

exhibit

s

a

continua

l

populatio

n

ris

e

unti

l

i

t

represent

s

th

e

'centra

l

place

'

fo

r

th

e

valley

,

th

e

othe

r

fou

r

mai

n

settlement

s

remai

n

a

s

smal

l

hamlet

s

fo

r

upward

s

o

f

a

thousan

d

years

,

suggestin

g

tha

t

thei

r

half-hou

r

interva

l

networ

k

approximate

s

t

o

a

kin

d

o

f

long-ter

m

stability

.

Flannery'

s

thoughtfu

l

discussio

n

demonstrate

s

a

dynami

c

developmen

t

o

f

terri

-

tor

y

size

,

s

o

tha

t

w

e

ma

y

conclud

e

tha

t

th

e

5-kilometr

e

farmin

g

radiu

s

ma

y

operat

e

i

n

certai

n

settlemen

t

scenarios

,

suc

h

a

s

pionee

r

farmin

g

'infill

'

situations

,

bu

t

no

t

others

,

wit

h

matur

e

'filled

'

farmin

g

landscape

s

stabilizin

g

int

o

2.5-kilometr

e

radiu

s

catchments

.

I

t

als

o

raise

s

a

n

unexpecte

d

bu

t

crucia

l

difficulty

:

give

n

tha

t

th

e

Atoya

c

valle

y

settlement

s

ar

e

locate

d

t

o

giv

e

prim

e

acces

s

t

o

th

e

mos

t

importan

t

loca

l

51

4

the range of archaeological pursuits that focus on study

of the spatial aspects of the archaeological record.

These pursuits certainly do not constitute a separable

"field," but, rather, a set of perspectives on studying

ancient societies and cultures, emphasizing position,

arrangement, and orientation, and examined at a range

of scales: from individual buildings or monuments,

caches, and burials, to settlements, landscapes, and

regions. Architecture and the built environment,

generally, are only a part of the whole, and discussion of

them here highlights their two-dimensional aspects or

plan view

(Ashmore)

Spatial archaeology

Spatial archaeology (1977)

Analytical Archaeology

(1967)

David Leonard Clarke (1937–76)

“archaeology is archaeology”

the retrieval of information from archaeological spatial

relationships and the study of the spatial consequences of

former hominid activity patterns within and between features

and structures and their articulation within sites, site systems

and their environments: the study of the flow and integration of

activities within and between structures, sites and resource

spaces from the micro to the semi-micro and macro scales of

aggregation. [1977:9]

Elements

-

Raw materials

-

Artefacts

- Built structures (of any

kind)

- Parts of built structures

- Communication routes

- Locations of raw

materials

-

Humans

Observations

Relationships between the

elements:

!

-Distributional logic

-Fluctuations in

quantitative values

- H

ierarchical structures

and internal fluctuations

-Other forms of ordered

structures

Spatial archaeology

macro

semi-macro

micro

levels of observations

Theories

economic, architectural, anthropological, physics, statistics,

stochastic

...

Major premisses

rational decision making, distance as friction, multiplier effect

in hierarchy

22

4

Synthesi

s

Rando

m

dispersa

l

acros

s

differen

t

biome

s

X

Populatio

n

cluster

s

1,2,3,

4

Unspecifie

d

biome

s

Rando

m

dispersa

l

withi

n

differentiate

d

biome

s

Clustere

d

dispersa

l

aroun

d

resourc

e

concentration

s

withi

n

differentiate

d

biome

s

an

d

alon

g

ecotone

s

Figur

e

12-2

.

Alternativ

e

model

s

fo

r

large-scal

e

settlemen

t

pattern

s

o

f

prehistori

-

ca

l

hunter-gatherers

.

fro

m

tw

o

recen

t

interpretation

s

o

f

Acheulia

n

settlemen

t

distributio

n

durin

g

earl

y

an

d

middl

e

Pleistocen

e

times

.

Isaa

c

(1972:Figur

e

7

)

ha

s

propose

d

a

modifie

d

gravit

y

mode

l

t

o

explai

n

th

e

slo

w

rate

s

o

f

direc

-

tiona

l

chang

e

i

n

technolog

y

an

d

lithi

c

typolog

y

durin

g

th

e

millio

n

year

s

spanne

d

b

y

th

e

Africa

n

Acheulian

:

Low-density

,

unifor

m

disper

-

sa

l

o

f

group

s

i

s

proposed

.

Unde

r

suc

h

minima

l

gravit

y

condition

s

in

-

formatio

n

flow

i

s

negligible

,

an

d

ther

e

i

s

littl

e

directiona

l

change

;

muc

h

o

f

th

e

observe

d

variabilit

y

i

s

explaine

d

b

y

stochasti

c

processe

s

(th

e

random-wal

k

hypothesi

s

develope

d

b

y

D.L

.

Clarke

)

(Clarke

,

1968)

.

Fo

r

late

r

Pleistocen

e

times

,

Isaa

c

(1972

)

ha

s

propose

d

a

higher-densit

y

dis

-

tributio

n

o

f

groups

,

pron

e

t

o

increasin

g

aggregatio

n

an

d

thereb

y

favor

-

in

g

regiona

l

patternin

g

o

f

rul

e

system

s

an

d

languag

e

tha

t

the

n

creat

e

intelligibilit

y

barrier

s

an

d

partia

l

cultura

l

isolates

.

Isaac'

s

mode

l

doe

s

no

t

tak

e

resourc

e

variabilit

y

int

o

account

,

a

facto

r

militatin

g

agains

t

unifor

m

dispersa

l

i

n

mos

t

environments

.

O

n

th

e

othe

r

hand

,

Deaco

n

Since it is highly unlikely

that geographic

distribution, particularly

locational patterns

involving human

decisions, are the result

of equally probable

ev

ents, it is expected

that most map patterns

reflect some system or

order (Dacey 1964:559).

Analiza distribucij

Point pattern analysis

Analiza trendnih povr

š

in (trend surface analysis)

AMERICAN

ANTIQUITY

6.

The

monuments

are

not

portable

and

are

distributed

more

or

less

evenly

across

the

study

area.

THE

SAMPLE

POPULATION

To

be

included

in

the

sample,

a

site

(point)

was

required

to

have

more

than

one

carved,

dated

stone

monument,

since

a

single

monument,

not

being

part

of

a

datable

sequence,

would

give

undue

weight

to

older

dates.

Where

dates

were

questionable,

and

no

other

strong

evidence

was

avail-

able,

it

was

arbitrarily

decided

to

include

only

those

monuments

which

Morley

(1920,1937-1938)

designated

with

a

(?).

All

monuments

dated

with

a

(??)

or

(???)

were

eliminated

from

serious

con-

sideration.

Where

possible,

stelae

dates

are

corrobated

in

Table

1

by

reference

to

more

recent

works

such

as

Greene

et

al.

(1972),

referred

to

as

"GRG."

Mayanists

will

of

course

observe

that

a

number

of

sites

are

not

included

which

may

eventually

be

important

to

this

study.

It

was

felt

that

the

constraints

described

above

were

essential,

given

the

rigorous

statistical

approach

used.

As

will

be

demonstrated,

the

lack

of

a

point,

or

even

a

number

of

points,

is

not

critical

in

terms

of

results

obtained.

Most

of

the

analysis

used

a

47-point

distribution.

Only

six

monuments

dated

with

a

(?)

are

in-

cluded

in

the

47-point

distribution

sample.

These

are

Calakmul,

El

Palmar,

La

Honradez,

Naach-

Figure

1.

Movement

into

Maya

Lowlands

(after

Adams

1972:

Figure

1).

96

[Vol.

46,

No.

1,1981

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All use subject to

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102

AMERICAN

ANTIQUITY

[Vol.

46,

No.

1,1981

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...L

.?it

LL

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.

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UC

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A.-

.+l

LA

.

LLLL.

C

LLCL

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A

11bAJ

-m:

I

Figure

7.

Second-order

trend

sur-

^

^^L

iHHiH!::

face

contour

map

with

reduced

study

CCC^jn:::^:::::::

area

(42

points).

A-CAC:A-++7OA-*CC+C:CA-:::

A

mapped

variable

or

did

it

arise

by

chance"

(Chorley

and

Haggett

1965:56).

The

objective

is

to

determine

if

components

of

a

trend

function

are

statistically

significant,

or

whether

they

probably

reflect

chance

alone.

Table

2

shows

essential

information

for

analysis

of

variance.

The

degrees

of

freedom

with

trend

components

are

equivalent

to

the

number

of

terms

in

a

trend

equation,

except

the

base,

or

zero-degree

term.

The

degrees

of

freedom

associated

with

devia-

tions

from

a

trend

function

represent

the

difference

between

n

-

1

degrees

of

freedom

and

the

number

associated

with

the

trend

equation

component.

The

null

hypothesis

to

be

tested

is

that

the

coefficients

of

the

regression

equation

to

be

tested

are

equal

to

zero,

i.e.,

there

is

no

regression.

If

F-computed

exceeds

F-tabulated,

the

null

hypothesis

is

rejected

and

the

alternative

hypothesis

(that

the

coefficients

of

the

equation

are

not

equal

to

zero)

is

accepted.

The

relationship

between

values

of

F

and

levels

of

significance

is

that

F

values

rise

as

the

significance

levels

rise.

This

requires

that

the

ratio

between

the

mean-square

value

due

to

regression

and

the

mean-square

value

due

to

deviations

must

be

greater

at

higher

levels

of

significance

than

at

lower

(Harbaugh

and

Merriam

1965:68-70).

Spacing

of

Data

Points

As

many

observers

have

pointed

out,

spacing

of

data

points

is

crucial

(Krumbein

1959;

Har-

baugh

and

Merriam

1968:72-73;

Doveton

and

Parsley

1970).

Ideally,

points

should

be

more

or

less

equally

distributed

geographically,

though

they

need

not

be

regularly

spaced,

since

when

the

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de~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~00

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if

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tren

futo

a

r

e

sttsial

sgicat,

or

Ihte

the

probablyLLCLLLLLLLLLLLL++++,

+L

reflect

chance

alone.

Table

2

shows

essential

information

for

analysis

of

variance.

L,L

U.;,UULL

LL1-1LLLLLLL

The

de~rees

of

freedom

wi:1thten

cop

n

et

ar

eqialn

to

.h

.ubr

ftrm

narn

number

associated

with

the

trend

equation

component.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ULU+

...

..

.*

The

null

hypothesis

to

be

tested

is

that

the

coefficients

of

the

re~ression

equation

to

be

testedLILL

LLLLL1u6L

.

*4

4

..

.

levels

of

significance

than

at

lower

(Harbau~h

and

Merriam

1968:68-70).~~6LGGLLLLL~L,LL

.

4

++f

Spacing

oL-

Dta

LLUuUP

L,L1

,oints

Asmn

bevr

aepineou,saigodaapitiscual(rmin19;H-

This content downloaded from 193.2.70.251 on Tue, 26 Nov 2013 01:50:21 AM

All use subject to

JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Thiessnovi poligoni

Dolo

č

itev teritorijev

von Thünenov

model

Der isoli[e]rte Staat in

Beziehung auf

Landwirtschaft und

Nationalökonomie

(1852)

SETTLEMEN

T

AN

D

TERRITOR

Y

Figure

13.5

Know

n

(soli

d

symbols

)

an

d

hypothesize

d

(question-marks

)

nucleate

d

settle

-

men

t

syste

m

i

n

th

e

classica

l

e r

a

fo

r

th

e

regio

n

o

f

Boeotia

,

centra

l

Greece

;

citie

s

a r

e

indicate

d

b

y

triangles

,

village

s

b

y

circles

.

Best-fi

t

circle

s

o

f

2.5-kilometr

e

radiu

s

hav

e

bee

n

fitte

d

withi

n

village-cit

y

subsistenc

e

territorie

s

firs

t

define

d

throug

h

Thiesse

n

polygon

s

(th

e

soli

d

lin

e

cells)

.

Shadin

g

represent

s

infertil

e

uplands

.

Source

:

J

.

Bintlif

f

1994

.

informatio

n

i

s

detaile

d

enoug

h

t

o

allo

w

u

s

t

o

follo

w

th

e

evolutionar

y

dynamic

s

o

f

a

settlemen

t

system

,

w

e

sometime

s

observ

e

th

e

metamorphosi

s

o

f

a

networ

k

fro

m

on

e

se

t

o

f

value

s

t

o

another

,

usuall

y

smaller,

set

.

I

t

i

s

no

t

problemati

c

t

o

detec

t

th

e

underlyin

g

mechanism

s

a

t

work

,

whic

h

ar

e

th

e

sam

e

tha

t

w

e

hav

e

observe

d

i

n

th

e

Atoya

c

valley

:

a

s

a

landscap

e

i

s

populate

d

b

y

villages

,

larg

e

territorie

s

ar

e

establishe

d

first

,

bu

t

ove

r

tim

e

th

e

furthe

r

multiplicatio

n

o

f

settlement

s

occur

s

throug

h

infil

l

betwee

n

pionee

r

communities

,

a

n

accommodatio

n

achieve

d

throug

h

th

e

progressiv

e

subdivisio

n

o

f

lan

d

a

t

th

e

expens

e

o

f

existin

g

territoria

l

units

.

Thi

s

transformationa

l

serie

s

ma

y

b

e

hypothesize

d

t

o

includ

e

quant

a

fro

m

a

5

-

kilometr

e

radius

,

throug

h

3-

4

kilometres

,

t

o

2-

3

kilometres

,

an

d

finall

y

t

o

1-

2

kilometres

,

rarel

y

t

o

les

s

tha

n

1

kilometre

.

Flannery'

s

Atoya

c

valle

y

seem

s

t

o

mov

e

directl

y

fro

m

5

t

o

2.

5

kilometre

s

withou

t

a

n

intervenin

g

stage

,

an

d

finall

y

give

s

ris

e

t

o

occasiona

l

tin

y

satellit

e

hamlet

s

neste

d

withi

n

th

e

2.5-kilometr

e

territor

y

an

d

wit

h

arguabl

y

les

s

tha

n

1-kilometr

e

radiu

s

catchments

.

I

t

i

s

likely

,

however

,

tha

t

51

7

Hierarhija naselij

SETTLEMEN

T

AN

D

TERRITOR

Y

1

=

5

k

m

radiu

s

•

2

=

5

k

m

radiu

s

3

=

3.

5

k

m

radi

i

.-2--

.

2

l

(b

)

;

2

^

%

Ô

Î

·'·

'

2

'

·

'

r

*

•

--

2

-

'

Subsequently

:

'

4

=

2 .

5

k

m

5

=

l

.7

2

k

m

Figure

13.8

(a

)

Two

-

dimensiona

l

settlemen

t

expansio

n

mode

l

(re

-

draw

n

fro

m

Elliso

n

an

d

Harris

s

1972

:

fig

.

24.16)

;

(b

)

mode

l

o

f

secondar

y

expansio

n

2

fro

m

primar

y

settlemen

t

1

followe

d

b

y

tertiar

y

interstitia

l

infil

l

3

.

Source

:

J

.

Bintliff

.

th

e

dynami

c

sprea

d

o

f

farmin

g

villages

,

thi

s

tim

e

allowin

g

daughte

r

colonie

s

t

o

sprea

d

i

n

al

l

direction

s

fro

m

a

singl

e

pionee

r

communit

y

befor

e

interstitia

l

infill

,

th

e

sequenc

e

migh

t

ru

n

a

s

follow

s

(Fig

.

13.8b)

:

pionee

r

villag

e

colonize

s

it

s

surrounding

s

(Phas

e

1)

;

i

n

a

n

idea

l

scenari

o

a

single

,

5

-

kilometr

e

radius

,

origi

n

communit

y

woul

d

eventuall

y

b

e

surrounde

d

b

y

a

complemen

t

o

f

si

x

secondar

y

hamlet

s

eac

h

wit

h

a

5

-

kilometr

e

radiu

s

catchmen

t

(Phas

e

2)

;

i

f

a

tertiar

y

serie

s

o

f

Walter Christaller

Die zentralen Orte in

Süddeutschland

(1933)

Gradivo: Prostorska arheologija

Vsebina gradiva

Sorodne vsebine

Statistika prenosov

Dnevna porazdelitev

Vrsta prenosa

	Swift, Jonathan: Guliverjeva potovanja
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